Glossary of Web Hosting Terms
Posted by Santu amin in WEB HOSTING
Glossary of Web Hosting Terms
Access Microsoft's advanced database creation and maintenance software. It is very popular among
developers who maintain online databases with Windows NT.
Active Server Page (ASP) ASPs are HTML documents embedded with scripts (typically Microsoft's VB
Script or Jscript). These scripts are processed by the server prior to being transferred to the
user.
ActiveX A set of properties that define how applications are to share information with each
other. These properties are known as controls.
Aliased Nameservers An aliased nameserver is a nameserver that has been labeled as yours (the
reseller's) despite the fact it actually belongs to your Web hosting provider. This ensures that
domains located on your server are listed as "ns.yourservername.com" instead of
"ns.yourprovidersname.com". Also see NAMESERVER below.
Apache One of the world's most popular Web server programs, Apache was built by a group of
open-source programmers and is often used because of its outstanding performance, strong
security features and the fact that it is free.
Application Service Provider A third party that manages software applications for servers and
networks.
Bandwidth The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given moment to a server. The higher
your bandwidth, the larger amount of traffic your site can handle at one time.
CGI Short for Common Gateway Interface, a small script that processes data taken from the user
(such as from a form application).
Cgi-bin The directory on a Web server where CGI scripts are stored.
Co-located hosting This hosting option gives webmasters complete control over their server. You
are responsible for providing the physical hardware and network administration; the hosting
company will provide you with the rack space and Internet connection.
Cookie A text file sent to a user's Web browser from a Web server. Cookies are typically
exchanged back and forth between the two in order to prepare custom content for users, and to
exchange data like registration information.
Dedicated hosting A hosting feature that allows a Web site to have its own server. This is more
flexible than shared hosting (see below), as webmasters typically have full control over the
back end of the server, including choice of OS. Administration, however, is still handled by the
hosting company.
Diesel Generator A diesel-powered generator used by hosting companies as a back-up source to
generate electricity in the event of a power outage.
Domain names Domain names are the word sequences users enter in their URL bar to visit your
site. They are attached to a DNS, short for Domain Naming System, which is used to translate
numeric addresses (known as IP, or Internet Protocol, addresses) into words. Each site you visit
on the net has a numeric IP address behind its name.
Firewall A piece of security software designed to protect Web servers. They are typically used
to protect sites from hacker attacks/unauthorized access.
Flash A popular piece of animation software developed by Macromedia. Flash is widely used on the
Web because it requires little bandwidth, therefore making it friendly to users with low or
high-speed connections.
FrontPage A popular site design and management tool developed by Microsoft.
FTP Short for File Transfer Protocol, a method of allowing remote users and Web servers to
exchange files.
HTML Short for HyperText Markup Language, the language by which Web servers and client browsers
communicate. All server-side functions (such as database processing), although they may be
performed in another language, must eventually be output back to the user in HTML.
HTTP Stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the protocol by which HTML files move across the
Internet. HTTP requires a client browser and an HTTP server (typically a Web server).
IIS Short for Internet Information Server, Microsoft's server software for Windows NT/2000.
Intranet A vast internal network structured in a fashion similar to the Internet. Intranets are
usually established by large corporate organizations to improve communication. The main
difference between the Internet and an intranet is that access to intranets are restricted to
authorized members only.
IP Short for Internet Protocol, which designates the format of "data packets" that are used to
exchange information over the Internet.
IRC Short for Internet Relay Chat, a popular text-base multi-user chat network.
ISDN Short for Integrated Services Digital Network, a high-speed solution to moving data over
phone lines. It can transfer data at approximately 128,000 bits per second over a standard land
line.
Load Balancing Distributing data across a network of servers in order to ensure that a single
Web server does not get overloaded with work, thereby affecting performance.
Managed hosting A dedicated server that is accompanied by a full suite of technical support,
maintenance and monitoring services. This differs from dedicated Web hosting, where customers
are provided with their own servers but are still responsible for virtually all administrative
and maintenance duties.
MIME Short for Multipurpose Internet Email Extensions, a protocol that allows users to transfer
non-text messages like audio, video and images through e-mail.
Mirror sites A mirror site is an exact copy of another FTP or Web site. These are used to
offset/spread traffic load on busy Web sites.
MS Index Server An add-on for Microsoft Internet Information server (see above) that indexes
documents on Web or Intranet servers running IIS. The information is then presented to users in
a searchable format.
Name server A server responsible for translating domain names and IP addresses.
Newsgroup A USENET discussion group (see below).
NOC Short for Network Operations Center, a hosting company's "home base," so to speak. The NOC
is usually where most administration, technical support and physical server storage takes place.
For more information, please refer to our article, Inside the NOC, here.
OC Short for Optical Carrier, representing the speed of fiber-optic networks. OC speeds can
range anywhere between 1 and 48. Most hosting companies have OC3 connections, which allows for
the transfer of data at a rate of up to 155.52 Mbps.
Packet switching The method by which most data is exchanged throughout the Internet. Most data
is broken down in to smaller "packets" prior to transfer, and then reassembled at the
destination.
Parking All domain names have to be stored on a server in order to be purchased. Most domain
registration services will therefore temporarily place a newly purchased name on their servers
until a hosting plan is purchased or the owner points the DNS to a different site. This is known
as parking.
POP Short for Post Office Protocol. An e-mail protocol that mail software such as Eudora use to
communicate with mail servers.
Propagation The process where name servers throughout the Internet add new domains and remove
expired ones from their records. This can be a lengthy process, which is why connecting to a new
domain name can often take three or four days.
RAID Short for Redundant Array of Independent Disks, a method of data protection/backup. Data is
stored over a number of servers so that information will still be accessible if a piece of
hardware/software crashes.
Reseller A reseller operates components of a Web hosting operation using services,
infrastructure and equipment provided by another Web hosting service. Some resellers operate
full-fledged businesses using the hardware, software, network and logistical support of another
Web hosting firm, while others simply operate as sales agents for other Web hosting companies,
offering discounts and providing low-level technical support.
Scalability The ability of a piece of software or hardware to expand/grow as necessary.
Shared hosting The most basic of Web hosting types. With shared hosting, numerous Web sites are
shared on one server. While an economic solution, they typically cannot handle large amounts of
storage or traffic.
Shopping cart A program designed to handle the e-commerce section of a Web site. Shopping cart
software lets users browse for and purchase products online.
SMTP Short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol used by mail servers to exchange
messages with each other.
SQL Short for Standard Query Language. A standard protocol used to request information from
databases. Servers which can handle SQL are known as SQL servers.
SSL Short for Secure Sockets Layer, a protocol developed by Netscape to handle and protect
confidential/sensitive information required for e-commerce transactions (like credit card
numbers). SSL address usually begin with 'https'.
Subdomain Typically known as a "domain within a domain", subdomains are individual Web addresses
built upon a pre-existing domain name (such as clientname.yourhostingcompany.com). As a
reseller, you will have the option of assigning subdomains to clients if they do not choose to
have a domain name.
T1 Connection A phone or data connection that can support the transfer of up to 1.544Mbits of
data per second. T1 connections are popular among businesses and ISPs. Most T1s are connected to
T3, which can handle up to 43Mbits per second and are actual Internet backbone connections.
Tape back-up A popular and inexpensive way to back up Web sites. Contents of a site are
periodically stored that looks similar to a cassette. Some cassettes can store several
gigabytes.
Telnet A command-line interface that allows remote users and Web servers to communicate.
TCP Short for Transmission Control Protocol, an important network protocol. TCP allows two hosts
to connect and exchange data, and ensures that "data packets" are delivered exactly as sent.
TLD Shot for Top Level Domain, the suffix for major domain names like .com, .net and .org.
UNIX A text-based, multitasking Operating System suitable for Web and network administration.
Unix has spawned numerous popular spinoffs, including Linux and FreeBSD. Most Unix-based
Operating Systems are open source, meaning the source code to the Operating System has been made
freely available to the public for modification. Most Web hosting companies and resellers offer
Unix-based hosting in some capacity or other.
USENET A network of thousands of discussion groups (known as newsgroups; see above) on the
Internet.
UUENCODE Short for Unix to Unix Encoding, a method of converting images to ASCII (see above)
text in order to be transferred over the Internet.
Virtual host A shared hosting solution, the most basic of hosting types. Numerous Web sites are
shared on one server.
Virtualization A process/software designed to reduce server management costs through automation,
while providing more control over service levels.
Virtual Private Server (VPS) A virtual private server provides the features of a dedicated
server on a machine that is shared by other Web hosting customers. Customers therefore get
hosting services that are similar to that of dedicated Web hosting without sacrificing privacy
or performance.
WHOIS A central database which tracks all domain name/IP registrations.
Windows NT/2000 These are graphic-based, multitasking Operating Systems developed over the past
few years by Microsoft. Both can act as standalone OS for personal computers/workstations, or
can serve as an OS for a Web site/network. Most Web hosting companies and resellers offer
Windows-based hosting in some capacity or other.
XML Short for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a language allowing developers
Access Microsoft's advanced database creation and maintenance software. It is very popular among
developers who maintain online databases with Windows NT.
Active Server Page (ASP) ASPs are HTML documents embedded with scripts (typically Microsoft's VB
Script or Jscript). These scripts are processed by the server prior to being transferred to the
user.
ActiveX A set of properties that define how applications are to share information with each
other. These properties are known as controls.
Aliased Nameservers An aliased nameserver is a nameserver that has been labeled as yours (the
reseller's) despite the fact it actually belongs to your Web hosting provider. This ensures that
domains located on your server are listed as "ns.yourservername.com" instead of
"ns.yourprovidersname.com". Also see NAMESERVER below.
Apache One of the world's most popular Web server programs, Apache was built by a group of
open-source programmers and is often used because of its outstanding performance, strong
security features and the fact that it is free.
Application Service Provider A third party that manages software applications for servers and
networks.
Bandwidth The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given moment to a server. The higher
your bandwidth, the larger amount of traffic your site can handle at one time.
CGI Short for Common Gateway Interface, a small script that processes data taken from the user
(such as from a form application).
Cgi-bin The directory on a Web server where CGI scripts are stored.
Co-located hosting This hosting option gives webmasters complete control over their server. You
are responsible for providing the physical hardware and network administration; the hosting
company will provide you with the rack space and Internet connection.
Cookie A text file sent to a user's Web browser from a Web server. Cookies are typically
exchanged back and forth between the two in order to prepare custom content for users, and to
exchange data like registration information.
Dedicated hosting A hosting feature that allows a Web site to have its own server. This is more
flexible than shared hosting (see below), as webmasters typically have full control over the
back end of the server, including choice of OS. Administration, however, is still handled by the
hosting company.
Diesel Generator A diesel-powered generator used by hosting companies as a back-up source to
generate electricity in the event of a power outage.
Domain names Domain names are the word sequences users enter in their URL bar to visit your
site. They are attached to a DNS, short for Domain Naming System, which is used to translate
numeric addresses (known as IP, or Internet Protocol, addresses) into words. Each site you visit
on the net has a numeric IP address behind its name.
Firewall A piece of security software designed to protect Web servers. They are typically used
to protect sites from hacker attacks/unauthorized access.
Flash A popular piece of animation software developed by Macromedia. Flash is widely used on the
Web because it requires little bandwidth, therefore making it friendly to users with low or
high-speed connections.
FrontPage A popular site design and management tool developed by Microsoft.
FTP Short for File Transfer Protocol, a method of allowing remote users and Web servers to
exchange files.
HTML Short for HyperText Markup Language, the language by which Web servers and client browsers
communicate. All server-side functions (such as database processing), although they may be
performed in another language, must eventually be output back to the user in HTML.
HTTP Stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, the protocol by which HTML files move across the
Internet. HTTP requires a client browser and an HTTP server (typically a Web server).
IIS Short for Internet Information Server, Microsoft's server software for Windows NT/2000.
Intranet A vast internal network structured in a fashion similar to the Internet. Intranets are
usually established by large corporate organizations to improve communication. The main
difference between the Internet and an intranet is that access to intranets are restricted to
authorized members only.
IP Short for Internet Protocol, which designates the format of "data packets" that are used to
exchange information over the Internet.
IRC Short for Internet Relay Chat, a popular text-base multi-user chat network.
ISDN Short for Integrated Services Digital Network, a high-speed solution to moving data over
phone lines. It can transfer data at approximately 128,000 bits per second over a standard land
line.
Load Balancing Distributing data across a network of servers in order to ensure that a single
Web server does not get overloaded with work, thereby affecting performance.
Managed hosting A dedicated server that is accompanied by a full suite of technical support,
maintenance and monitoring services. This differs from dedicated Web hosting, where customers
are provided with their own servers but are still responsible for virtually all administrative
and maintenance duties.
MIME Short for Multipurpose Internet Email Extensions, a protocol that allows users to transfer
non-text messages like audio, video and images through e-mail.
Mirror sites A mirror site is an exact copy of another FTP or Web site. These are used to
offset/spread traffic load on busy Web sites.
MS Index Server An add-on for Microsoft Internet Information server (see above) that indexes
documents on Web or Intranet servers running IIS. The information is then presented to users in
a searchable format.
Name server A server responsible for translating domain names and IP addresses.
Newsgroup A USENET discussion group (see below).
NOC Short for Network Operations Center, a hosting company's "home base," so to speak. The NOC
is usually where most administration, technical support and physical server storage takes place.
For more information, please refer to our article, Inside the NOC, here.
OC Short for Optical Carrier, representing the speed of fiber-optic networks. OC speeds can
range anywhere between 1 and 48. Most hosting companies have OC3 connections, which allows for
the transfer of data at a rate of up to 155.52 Mbps.
Packet switching The method by which most data is exchanged throughout the Internet. Most data
is broken down in to smaller "packets" prior to transfer, and then reassembled at the
destination.
Parking All domain names have to be stored on a server in order to be purchased. Most domain
registration services will therefore temporarily place a newly purchased name on their servers
until a hosting plan is purchased or the owner points the DNS to a different site. This is known
as parking.
POP Short for Post Office Protocol. An e-mail protocol that mail software such as Eudora use to
communicate with mail servers.
Propagation The process where name servers throughout the Internet add new domains and remove
expired ones from their records. This can be a lengthy process, which is why connecting to a new
domain name can often take three or four days.
RAID Short for Redundant Array of Independent Disks, a method of data protection/backup. Data is
stored over a number of servers so that information will still be accessible if a piece of
hardware/software crashes.
Reseller A reseller operates components of a Web hosting operation using services,
infrastructure and equipment provided by another Web hosting service. Some resellers operate
full-fledged businesses using the hardware, software, network and logistical support of another
Web hosting firm, while others simply operate as sales agents for other Web hosting companies,
offering discounts and providing low-level technical support.
Scalability The ability of a piece of software or hardware to expand/grow as necessary.
Shared hosting The most basic of Web hosting types. With shared hosting, numerous Web sites are
shared on one server. While an economic solution, they typically cannot handle large amounts of
storage or traffic.
Shopping cart A program designed to handle the e-commerce section of a Web site. Shopping cart
software lets users browse for and purchase products online.
SMTP Short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol used by mail servers to exchange
messages with each other.
SQL Short for Standard Query Language. A standard protocol used to request information from
databases. Servers which can handle SQL are known as SQL servers.
SSL Short for Secure Sockets Layer, a protocol developed by Netscape to handle and protect
confidential/sensitive information required for e-commerce transactions (like credit card
numbers). SSL address usually begin with 'https'.
Subdomain Typically known as a "domain within a domain", subdomains are individual Web addresses
built upon a pre-existing domain name (such as clientname.yourhostingcompany.com). As a
reseller, you will have the option of assigning subdomains to clients if they do not choose to
have a domain name.
T1 Connection A phone or data connection that can support the transfer of up to 1.544Mbits of
data per second. T1 connections are popular among businesses and ISPs. Most T1s are connected to
T3, which can handle up to 43Mbits per second and are actual Internet backbone connections.
Tape back-up A popular and inexpensive way to back up Web sites. Contents of a site are
periodically stored that looks similar to a cassette. Some cassettes can store several
gigabytes.
Telnet A command-line interface that allows remote users and Web servers to communicate.
TCP Short for Transmission Control Protocol, an important network protocol. TCP allows two hosts
to connect and exchange data, and ensures that "data packets" are delivered exactly as sent.
TLD Shot for Top Level Domain, the suffix for major domain names like .com, .net and .org.
UNIX A text-based, multitasking Operating System suitable for Web and network administration.
Unix has spawned numerous popular spinoffs, including Linux and FreeBSD. Most Unix-based
Operating Systems are open source, meaning the source code to the Operating System has been made
freely available to the public for modification. Most Web hosting companies and resellers offer
Unix-based hosting in some capacity or other.
USENET A network of thousands of discussion groups (known as newsgroups; see above) on the
Internet.
UUENCODE Short for Unix to Unix Encoding, a method of converting images to ASCII (see above)
text in order to be transferred over the Internet.
Virtual host A shared hosting solution, the most basic of hosting types. Numerous Web sites are
shared on one server.
Virtualization A process/software designed to reduce server management costs through automation,
while providing more control over service levels.
Virtual Private Server (VPS) A virtual private server provides the features of a dedicated
server on a machine that is shared by other Web hosting customers. Customers therefore get
hosting services that are similar to that of dedicated Web hosting without sacrificing privacy
or performance.
WHOIS A central database which tracks all domain name/IP registrations.
Windows NT/2000 These are graphic-based, multitasking Operating Systems developed over the past
few years by Microsoft. Both can act as standalone OS for personal computers/workstations, or
can serve as an OS for a Web site/network. Most Web hosting companies and resellers offer
Windows-based hosting in some capacity or other.
XML Short for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a language allowing developers
